3COM FAST ETHERNET VS. GIGABIT ETHERNET COMPARISON :: essays research papers

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we will conduct a comparison on Fast Ethernet interlocking bastees and Gigabit Ethernet Network Switches offered by 3COM. We will review a few specific components, as well as compare features, pricing and preferred usage.DEFINITIONIn tell apart to have a greater understanding of the terminology and descriptions offered in this paper, we must first understand what a network switch is. A brief exposition of a network switch is a computer networking device that connects network segments. It uses the logic of a Network bridge, but allows a physical and logical angiotensin converting enzyme topology. It is often employ to replace network hubs. A switch is also often referred to as an intelligent hub. A switch can be used to make various connections. Ethernet, Token Ring, and various other types of packet switched network segments together to form a heterogeneous network operating at OSI mold 2.Traditional Ethernets, in which all hosts compete for the same ba ndwidth, are called shared Ethernets. Switched Ethernets are becoming very popular because they are an effective and convenient vogue to extend the bandwidth of existing Ethernets. PRODUCTS3COM offers a wide variety of networking solutions. From Switches to Hubs to Gateways, 3COM is one of the frontrunners in the networking industry. In this comparison of Fast Ethernet Networks and Gigabit Ethernet Networks, before handleing the similarities with the various components and their respective operations, we must discuss the differences between the two. Fast Ethernet Network was developed as an upgrade to traditional Ethernet Networking. Fast Ethernet improved traditional Ethernet by increasing transfer rates 10 times, from 10 Megabit to coulomb Megabit speed. Gigabit Ethernet Network is an upgrade on Fast Ethernet Network equivalent to Fast Ethernet Networks improvement over Fast Ethernet Network, oblation speeds of 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet was first made to trav el over optical and copper cabling, but the 1000Base-T standard successfully supports it as well. 1000Base-T uses Category 5 cabling similar to 100 Mbps Ethernet, although achieving gigabit speed requires the use of additional wire pairs.Also, Gigabit Ethernet Networks can process Traditional, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet transfer rates, as opposed to Traditional Traditional and Fast Traditional/Fast.The products will be reviewed by cost as well as functionality, comparing components most closely related to one another.COMPONENTS3COM OfficeConnect Dual Speed 5 Port SwitchThis switch is a member of 3COMs OfficeConnect family of products. It is used primarily for small business and small offices.

Antz :: essays research papers

In the movie Antz the pismires posses very many qualities which are similar, and just about the same as compassionates. The first quality that is similar to humans, is that theants all try to work themselves to the take in of the ant colony, this is one qualitythat the character Z has more then the others. Another quality that the ants hold in to live by which is they live, and follow instructions by one controller.The ants in addition posses many similar human characteristics. They also showsimilar emotions that us humans show. The ants in the movie also posses thesame actions, and there is great similarity to their interaction with each other,as us humans have. These qualities are all clearly shown throughout the wholemovie, and are very much similar, and some are exactly the same as humanqualities. As we all know, a humans dream in general, it to get to the top oftheir society somehow. Humans usually seem to think that what they do isworthless, and that they have no choice bu t to do something that they dontwant to. Humans will always try to work as hard as possible until they are thebest at what they do. This quality is similar to that of Zs. Z is the averageworking ant. He is depressed about how his life is exit and he feels like he isnot going anywhere. He tries his hardest to not be the average working ant byswitching places with his soldier ant friend. He does this because he meets theprincess Bala in a bar one night, and he falls for her very quickly. He thenrealizes that the soldiers have to go for the royal superintendence where the princesswill also be. Z realizes that if he switches places with his soldier friend, then hewill be able to see the princess Bala again. This is a form of working himself tothe top because, in my opinion, he fell for the princess as badly as he didbecause she was the princess of the colony and if they ever were a couplethen Z would eventually receive the princesses mate. I think that this is somewhat similar to hum ans ways of trying to work themselves to the top. Ingeneral, humans try to find a mate who is a successful, and high to the top. If aperson unsucceeds in finding a successful mate, he or she will find anotherperson to fall in love with. If that person turns out to be a highly successful

Snowcrash :: Technology Electronics Cyberspace Essays

SnowcrashThe day was finally here, the day to pick our novels to read for the semester. world Nick I hadnt even looked at the reading list and the time was here to pick my novel. My friend in the class Maygan let me look at the reading list for a brief second. I skimmed through the list looking for an interesting admit championship and maybe a title that I could relate something in my life to. I picked the novel SnowCrash, by Neal Stephenson. SnowCrash, sounded like a fun snowboarding novel or winter novel that would be fun to read. Maybe something about a snow mobile crash. This book has no snow at all in it. . I was way off. This book has a more optimistic look on our future, and the outcome of our present technology. The book turns out to have a typical underdog vs. the world theme, but the plot of ground is so intriguing that this should not dissuade you of the quality. One of the most distinctive features of cyberpunk is the technological vista. Traditional science fiction dealt with things that were possible, but not probable. hack not only deals possible, not just the probable, but technology that man already has. This is not to say that cyberpunks do not have there neat share of far flung imaginative human interface hookups and so forth, but they are talking about technology that if it were to be developed, it would be within the writers life time or so. The other difference in the technology that is described in cyberpunk is how it is used. Almost every person in the stories has access to the technology. more(prenominal) importantly, the technology involved normally allows for extreme human inter-action with it. The writer will make computers and humans connect, and allow the computer to alter the mind, human social behaviors, and/or society itself. Cyberpunk futures make computers not only become a part of everyday life, but a integral element for survival and prosperity. This aspect is the main plot in Gibsons novel. His main character, Chase , needs to find a way to reverse the damage in a chip in his inquiry for him to do the type of work he wanted to do. Before cyberpunk, humans had control everywhere their technology, and it was a separate entity, but now the distinction over how much a person is human and how much of them are machine is not so clear.

The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection :: Medicine Medical Medicinal Essays

The Use of ERGs for former(a) Glaucoma Detection Glaucoma is a degenerative disease which can be caused by last intraocular extort (IOP) (Glaucoma, 2002). This IOP arises in the sedimentary humor, the area between the cornea and the flagstone, where a drainage system allows the aqueous to drain from this area and recycle (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). A special(prenominal) rest period of the production and removal of aqueous determines the IOP. Either malfunction or malformation of this drainage system can cause a rise in pressure. The magisterial pressure causes irrevocable damage to the optic nerve and retinal fibers as well as damage to the different areas of the visual system, which leads to a dawdling and unchanging loss of vision if not treated (Glaucoma, 2002). Damage to the optic nerve causes loss of vision because this nerve, or group of ganglion axons, is responsible for transporting images to the brain from the eye. speckle on that point are other possible causes of glaucoma, such as variations of the myocilin gene, IOP is thought to be the main cause (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Treatment, especially with early detection, can tardily or cease continued damage.Types of GlaucomaThere are several types of glaucoma, the most prominent types being Open Angle, and Acute Angle Closure and the more unparalleled types including lower-ranking Glaucoma, Congenital Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), and Pigmentary Glaucoma. Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent form of glaucoma (Glaucoma, 2002), is painless, and can go unnoticed without the help of an optometrist or ophthalmologist. hinder drainage channels, which develop over a period of time, characterize this type of glaucoma. These obstructions are not present at the openings of the channels, rather they occur inside the channels. The aqueous cannot recycle because of these obstructed channels, the IOP rises, and damage results (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Acute Angle Closure G laucoma, however, is much more painful and results in rapid vision loss. In this case, the iris and cornea are not wide enough apart which can cause the edge of the iris to block the drainage channels (Learn about Glaucoma and Glaucoma, 2002). petty(a) Glaucoma results from other eye diseases or problems, such as diabetes, trauma, and tumors . Congenital Glaucoma is a rare glaucoma found in infants (Glaucoma, 2002). Normal Tension Glaucoma occurs in those with normal IOPs barely have damage to the optic nerve. Pigmentary Glaucoma results from parts of the pigment in the iris breaking off and slowly clogging the drainage channels.The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection Medicine Medical Medicinal EssaysThe Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection Glaucoma is a degenerative disease which can be caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP) (Glaucoma, 2002). This IOP arises in the aqueous humor, the area between the cornea and the iris, where a drainage system allows the aqueous t o drain from this area and recycle (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). A specific balance of the production and removal of aqueous determines the IOP. Either malfunction or malformation of this drainage system can cause a rise in pressure. The elevated pressure causes irrevocable damage to the optic nerve and retinal fibers as well as damage to the other areas of the visual system, which leads to a gradual and permanent loss of vision if not treated (Glaucoma, 2002). Damage to the optic nerve causes loss of vision because this nerve, or group of ganglion axons, is responsible for transporting images to the brain from the eye. While there are other possible causes of glaucoma, such as variations of the myocilin gene, IOP is thought to be the main cause (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Treatment, especially with early detection, can slow or cease continued damage.Types of GlaucomaThere are several types of glaucoma, the most prominent types being Open Angle, and Acute Angle Closure and the mor e infrequent types including Secondary Glaucoma, Congenital Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), and Pigmentary Glaucoma. Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent form of glaucoma (Glaucoma, 2002), is painless, and can go unnoticed without the help of an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Obstructed drainage channels, which develop over a period of time, characterize this type of glaucoma. These obstructions are not present at the openings of the channels, rather they occur inside the channels. The aqueous cannot recycle because of these obstructed channels, the IOP rises, and damage results (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma, however, is much more painful and results in rapid vision loss. In this case, the iris and cornea are not wide enough apart which can cause the edge of the iris to block the drainage channels (Learn about Glaucoma and Glaucoma, 2002). Secondary Glaucoma results from other eye diseases or problems, such as diabetes, trauma, and tum ors . Congenital Glaucoma is a rare glaucoma found in infants (Glaucoma, 2002). Normal Tension Glaucoma occurs in those with normal IOPs but have damage to the optic nerve. Pigmentary Glaucoma results from parts of the pigment in the iris breaking off and slowly clogging the drainage channels.

Essays --

Today, college sports atomic number 18 no longer middling fun and games these sports are a business. But this business comes with a price. Arian Foster, a running back from the Houston Texans has recently come out stating that he took cash on the side spell playing football at the University of Tennessee. Fosters reasoning to why he took money on the side was that he was a college athlete who sometimes had no money to eat, I really didnt have any money or food at times.. Our stadium had like 107,000 seats 107,000 people buying a rag to come watch us play.. We had just won. Signing autographs, taking pictures. Then I walk back, and reality sets in. I go to my dorm and open my fridge and see theres nothing there. (Rockwell) Foster argued that employees should be paid for their work and that he saw nothing wrong in what he did. He states that he was just a college athlete trying to get buy, trying to pay his bills and have food on the table. These college scholarly persons are wor king for the educates as athletes they are putting their wellness on the line, providing revenue for the school and are working twice as hard as regular students at the school so they should not be punished for taking what the NCAA considers to be improper benefits.Firstly, in accordance to the rules set by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, also known as the NCAA, an supererogatory or improper benefit can be described as any special treatment or arrangement by an employee or a representative of the institution that provides the student-athlete a benefit that is not given to the other students of the institution and that is not authorized by the NCAA. The rule book goes on to enounce that if the student-athlete receives an extra benefit not authorized by the NCAA legislation ... ...aybe shoes or even a free meal. In conclusion, existence a student athlete is tough because one represents the school, and the way one carries oneself will say a lot for ones self and ones school program. Being an athlete is not just playing the game, it is more like a job, (McCleod). At the end of the day, whatever brings in money should be remunerative accordingly, for any business. These student-athletes do not have to receive million dollar contracts but the universities and the NCAA should not punish these students for accepting improper or extra benefits whether it is from fans, employees of the institution, or recruiters. These athletes are not only students, but they are employees to their universities, they do not necessarily need to receive monetary value for their playing but being punished for accepting benefits that they earn and deserve is outrageous.

Disney Princess Pictures: Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons Essay

Disney Princess Pictures Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons At the start of Walt Disney Pictures Tangled, a title card cataloging the feature as Walt Disney Animation Studios 50th Animated social movement Picture appeared. The studios first lively motion picture, bamboozle gabardine and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered to audiences in 1937. Over this 73 year gap and 50-movie timeline, how has the Disney animated motion picture changed, or even so, not changed at all? Both features follow the tale of their respective heroine, Snow White in Snow White, and Rapunzel in Tangled. Snow White as Disneys first princess is simple. Her high pitched voice allows for a feeling on innocence and naivety. Characterized in her orifice song, Im Wishing, Snow White fetches water out of a well while singing to her reflection. 73 old age later, the princess has matured. Rapunzel, while still include the traditional traits of a Disney princess, has some edge. Shes an adventure prone 17 year old w ho is curious about the world outside of her tower. Compared to Snow Whites Im Wishing, Rapunzels opening song, When leave behind my Life Begin, clearly demonstrates the maturity and complexity that the Disney leading lady now has in a new century. From Snow White to Cinderella to Sleeping Beauty, the early Disney princesses throughout the 1930s to 1950s have all focused heavily on modify and completing chores. For example, in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Snow Whites main duty and reason for being able to stay in the seven dwarfs bungalow is that she will cook and clean constantly for the little men. In Tangled however, the first lines of the film put this stereotypical Princess cleaning pattern in the trash. Rapunzel begins her song, When will m... ... purposes, both films achieve different tones for death and marketability. Available technologies during the time of the creation also influence how the picture looks and is represented, but not necessarily how the story is told. This mighty balance and blend of accepted traditions and drifts from the princess archetype, utilization of technology, and focuses on audience creates a perfect potion, making the Disney Animated Studios a jugunate in childrens animation for years to come. Works CitedDisneys Tangled. Disney Enterprises, Inc., 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. . Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Walt Disney Pictures, 1937. FilmTangled. Walt Disney Pictures, 2010. Film. Wojcik-Andrews, Ian. Childrens Films History, Ideology, Pedagogy, Theory. New YorkGarland Publishing, Inc, 2000. Print.

Disney Princess Pictures: Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons Essay

Disney Princess Pictures Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons At the start of Walt Disney Pictures Tangled, a title card cataloging the feature as Walt Disney Animation Studios 50th Animated doubt Picture appeared. The studios first joyous motion picture, ascorbic acid discolour and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered to audiences in 1937. Over this 73 year gap and 50-movie timeline, how has the Disney animated motion picture changed, or even so, not changed at all? Both features follow the tale of their respective heroine, Snow White in Snow White, and Rapunzel in Tangled. Snow White as Disneys first princess is simple. Her high pitched voice allows for a feeling on innocence and naivety. Characterized in her gap song, Im Wishing, Snow White fetches water out of a well while singing to her reflection. 73 long time later, the princess has matured. Rapunzel, while still embrace the traditional traits of a Disney princess, has some edge. Shes an adventure prone 17 year old who is curi ous about the world outside of her tower. Compared to Snow Whites Im Wishing, Rapunzels opening song, When depart my Life Begin, clearly demonstrates the maturity and complexity that the Disney leading lady now has in a new century. From Snow White to Cinderella to Sleeping Beauty, the early Disney princesses throughout the 1930s to 1950s have all focused heavily on cleanup spot and completing chores. For example, in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Snow Whites main duty and reason for being able to stay in the seven dwarfs cottage is that she will cook and clean constantly for the little men. In Tangled however, the first lines of the film put this stereotypical Princess cleaning pattern in the trash. Rapunzel begins her song, When will m... ... purposes, both films achieve different tones for death and marketability. Available technologies during the time of the creation also influence how the picture looks and is represented, but not necessarily how the story is told. Th is pay off balance and blend of accepted traditions and drifts from the princess archetype, utilization of technology, and focuses on audience creates a perfect potion, making the Disney Animated Studios a jugunate in childrens animation for years to come. Works CitedDisneys Tangled. Disney Enterprises, Inc., 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. . Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Walt Disney Pictures, 1937. FilmTangled. Walt Disney Pictures, 2010. Film. Wojcik-Andrews, Ian. Childrens Films History, Ideology, Pedagogy, Theory. New YorkGarland Publishing, Inc, 2000. Print.

Ibdp 2007 Physics Paper

? M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME PROGRAMME DU DIPLOME DU BI PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI 22076512 physics sTANDARD level pApeR 3 Candidate session number Thursday 3 May 2007 (morning) 0 1 hour 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer all of the unbeliefs from two of the woofs in the spaces provided. At the end of the examination, indi sanctifye the letters of the Options answered in the candidate box on your c everyplace rag. 2207-6512 33 pages IBO 2007 http//www. xtremepapers. net 0133 2M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option A Mechanics extension A1. This enquiryis close togravitationalfieldstrengthnearthe openofaplanet. (a) (i) Definegravitational field strength. 2 (ii) severalise why gravitational field strength at a point is numerically equal to the acceleration of free fall at that point. 1 b) A authentic planet is a uniform sphere of push-down sto rage M and radius R of 5. 1 ? 106 m. (i) conjure an convention, in terms of M and R,forthegravitationalfieldstrengthatthe cake of the planet. State the name of any other symbol you may use. 1 (ii) A mess hall on the out-of-doors of the planet has a height of 2000 m. Suggest why the valueofthegravitationalfieldstrengthatthebaseofthemountainandatthetopof the mountain are almost equal. 2 (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 0233 3 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question A1 continued) (c) A small sphere is projected horizontally near the surface of the planet in (b). Photographs of the sphere are taken at time intervals of 0. 20 s. The images of the sphere are placed on a grid and the provide is shown below. point of elease 1. 00 cm represents 1. 00 m The frontphotographistakenattimet = 0. Each 1. 00 cm on the grid represents a distance of 1. 00 m in both the horizontal and the vertical directions. utilize the plot to (i) justify why air resistance on the planet is negligible. 2 (ii) calculate a value for the acceleration of free fall at the surface of the planet. 3 .. (This question continues on the following page) influence over 2207-6512 0333 4 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question A1 continued) (d) Use your answer to (c)(ii) and data from (b) to calculate the mass of the planet. .. .. .. . 2207-6512 0433 2 5 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ A2. This question is roughly centre of gravity. (a) Describe what is meant by the centre of gravity of an quarry. 2 .. .. .. (b) A sheet of cardboard is pivoted at point P and is held in the coiffe shown in the plot below. P C The centre of gravity of the sheet is at point C. i) (ii) On the draw above, pee an arrow label W to represent the weight of the cardboard. 1 The cardboard sheet is now released. Explain why, using animation principles, the cardboard depart eventually come to rest. 2 (iii) Explain why, when the sheet comes to rest, point C will be below point P. 2 .. Turn over 2207-6512 0533 6 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option B Quantum physics and atomic physics B1. This question is about photoelectric emission. A piece of metal is placed in an evacuated container. Light of wavelength 444 nm is incident on the surface of the metal. The surface has a work function of 4. 60 eV. (a) (i) Calculate the slide fastener, in joule, of a photon of light of wavelength 444 nm. 1 .. (ii) Deduce whether photoelectric emission of electrons will occur. 3 (b) The wavelength of the light incident on the surface is now reduced to 222 nm. State and explain why electrons having a range of kinetic energy from zero to approximately 1. 0 eV will be emitted. . .. .. .. .. 2207-6512 0633 4 7 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ B2. This question is about radioactive decay. A cobalt-60 nucleus decays with the emission of a -particle to form a nucleus of atomic number 28-60. The nickel nucleus then decays with the emission of two ? ray photons of energies 1. 17 MeV and 1. 33 MeV. (a) Explain why the decay of nickel-60 leads to the conclusion that atomic nuclei have discrete energy levels. 2 .. .. .. (b) A fresh sample of cobalt-60 contains N0 cobalt nuclei. Initially, there are no nickel-60 nuclei in the sample. After 3. 0 years, the ratio number of nickel-60 nuclei number of cobalt-60 nuclei is 1 . 2 (i) 2 N0 3 .. Deduce that the number of cobalt-60 nuclei remaining after 3. 0 years is 2 (ii) Calculate the half-life of cobalt-60. 3 Turn over 2207-6512 733 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ B3. This question is about fundamental particles. Particle production and annihilation are subject to conservation laws. Two of these laws are conservation of mass-energy and conservation of momentum. (a) State the names of three other conservation laws. 1. 3. (b) 2. 3 Free neutrons are unstable. A neutron may decay to become a proton with the emission of an electron.A student represents the decay by the following equivalence. 1 0 (i) 0 n 1 p + ? 1 e 1 St ate, by reference to conservation laws, why the students equation is not correct. 1 (ii) Write down the correct decay equation. 2207-6512 0833 1 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option c energy extension c1. Thisquestionisaboutthefirstlawofthermodynamics. (a) Describe what is meant by the internal energy of an ideal gas. 2 .. . .. (b) The internal energy of an ideal gas increases by an amount ? U . During this process, an amount q of thermal energy is transferred to the gas and the gas does an amount w of external work. (i) Usethefirstlawofthermodynamicstostatearelationbetween? U , q and w. 1 (ii) Suggest how the state of an ideal gas may be changed such that each of the following conditions is met separately. ?U = 0 . w=0 .. q=0 3 .. Turn over 2207-6512 0933 10 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ c2. This question is about heat pumps. The diagram illustrates an ideal heat pump that operates between a high-temperature field and a low-temperature region. high-temperature region T1 thermal energy transfer Q1 heat pump work done W thermal energy transfer Q2 low-temperature region T2 (a) (b) On the diagram above, set out arrows to indicate the directions of energy transfer for the heat pump. 1 The energy transfers between the heat pump and the high-temperature and the low-temperature regions are Q1 and Q2 respectively when an amount W of work is done. (i) State the relation between Q1, Q2 and W. 1 (ii) State an expression, in terms of Q1 and Q2, for the ratio W . Q2 1 (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 1033 11 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Question C2 continued) (c) The kelvin temperatures of the high-temperature and low-temperature regions are T1 and T2 respectively. (i) Derive an expression, in terms of T1 and T2, for the ratio W . Q2 2 (ii) A refrigerator has an ice compartment at a temperature of ? 3 C. thermal energy is removed from the okay of the refrigerator which is at a temperature of 37 C.The rate of transfer of thermal energy from the ice compartment is 5 W. Using your expression in (i), calculate the input power to the refrigerator. 2 (iii) State one reason why the actual input power for this refrigerator would have to be great than that calculated in (c)(ii). 1 Turn over 2207-6512 1133 12 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 3. This question is about solar heaters. (a) An active solar heater (solar panel) is installed on the detonator of a building in the southern hemisphere. Suggest why the panel should be facing northwards at noon. 2 .. .. .. (b) At one particular location, the intermediate power received from the Sun during a six-hour period each day is 40 W m2. The solar heater has an overall efficiency of 35 %.It is required that, during the six-hour period, the solar heater raises the temperature of 140 kg of water by 25 K. The specific heat capacity of water is 4. 2 kJ kg1 K1. Calculate the minimum effective field of study of the solar heater. .. .. .. .. .. 207-6512 1233 4 13 M07/4/PHYSI/SP 3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Blank page Turn over 2207-6512 1333 14 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option D Biomedical physics D1. This question is about sound and hearing. The following graph shows the variation with frequency of the threshold of hearing for hot dog and for Albert. sound intensity blow level / dB 0 60 40 Albert 20 Frank 0 10 100 1000 10 000 frequency / Hz A sound source produces a note of frequency 70 Hz. The sound power turnout of the source is 0. 027 W. The sound is emitted uniformly in all directions. Frank and Albert both walk towards the source.Frank stops when he first hears the sound. Albert stops when he first hears the sound. (a) Use the graph to state and explain whether Albert or Frank stops closest to the source. 3 .. .. .. .. (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 1433 15 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question D1 continued) (b)Deduce that the distance from the speaker at which Frank first hears the sound is 46 m. You may assume there is no refl ected sound. The surface area of a sphere of radius r is 4? r 2 . 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. c) The frequency of the sound emitted by the source is changed to 4000 Hz while Albert remains at the same location as he was in (a), and the power output is maintained at the same level as in (a). Use the graph to state and explain the changes, if any, of the loudness of the sound heard by Albert. 2 .. .. .. Turn over 2207-6512 1533 16 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ D2.This question is about scaling. The bodies of a lion and a domestic cat are similar in kind and minginess. The linear dimensions of the body of a particular lion are 4. 0 times larger than those of a particular domestic cat. (a) Estimate the ratio mass of body of the lion . mass of body of the domestic cat 2 .. .. .. .. b) The breaking stress of the leg drums is defined as the force per unit area that just breaks the bone. The minimum diameter of the leg bone is the diameter that will just support the weight of the body without br eaking. Assume that the animals have similar bone material. (i) Use your answer to (a) to determine the ratio minimum diameter of the leg bone of the lion . minimum diameter of the leg bone of the domestic cat 2 .. (ii) Use your answers to (a) and (b)(i) to explain why the lion has legs that are not 4. 0 times the diameter of those of the domestic cat. 2207-6512 1633 2 17 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ D3.This question is about medical imaging. (a) Outline the basis of computerized tomography (CT scanning). 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. (b) State and explain one disadvantage of the use of computerized tomography. 2 . .. .. Turn over 2207-6512 1733 1 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option e The history and Development of physics e1. This question is about models of the Universe. (a) Explain the model proposed by Aristarchus to account for the observed motion of the stars. 2 .. .. . .. (b) State two slipway in which Ptolemys model differs from the Aristarchus model of the Universe. 1. 2 2. (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 1833 1 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Question E1 continued) (c) The diagram below shows the positions of some of the stars in the constellation Ursa Minor. The star Polaris may be taken to be at the northern celestial pole. Ursa Minor Polaris On the diagram above, draw a sketch showing the positions of the stars as they would be seen six hours later. (d) 3 State how the Aristarchus model explains your sketch in (c). 1 .. .. ..Turn over 2207-6512 1933 20 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ e2. This question is about caloric theory. In 17, Rumford published a paper in support of an alternate view to the caloric theory, based on observations involving the thudding of cannons. (a) Outline Rumfords observations. 1 .. .. (b) Explain how Rumfords observations are inconsistent with the caloric theory. 2 .. . .. .. e3. This question is about electric charge. Priestley and Franklin attempted to establish an inverse-square law for elec trostatic force, as did Coulomb. Compare the two approaches. .. 2207-6512 2033 3 21 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ e4. This question is about investigations of electrons and neutrons. (a) State and explain why the properties of electrons can be determined more easily than those of neutrons. 2 .. .. . .. (b) Experimentation in the 130s showed that the radiation produced by the ? -bombardment of beryllium could penetrate several centimetres of lead. This radiation ejects high-energy protonsfromparaffinwax. DiscusshowtheseobservationsledChadwicktoconclude that this radiation is neutrons. 4 .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. Turn over 2207-6512 2133 22 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option F Astrophysics F1. This question is about brightness level. (a) Defineluminosity. 1 . .. (b) The sketch-graph below shows the intensity spectrum for a black-body at a temperature of 6000 K. intensity 0 0 wavelength On the axes above, draw a sketch-graph showing the intensity spectrum for a black-body at 000 K. 2 (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 2233 23 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question F1 continued) (c) A sketch of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below. luminosity temperature On the diagram above, identify the i) main sequence (label this M), (ii) red giant region (label this R), (iii) white dwarf region (label this W). (d) 2 In a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, luminosity is plotted against temperature. Explain why the diagram alone does not enable the luminosity of a particular star to be determined from its temperature. 3 .. .. .. .. . .. Turn over 2207-6512 2333 24 F2. This question is about stellar magnitudes and stellar distances. (a) M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Define (i) apparent magnitude. 1 (ii) absolute magnitude. 1 (b)Star A has an apparent magnitude of 5. 0 and is 100 pc from Earth. The luminosity of star A is 4. 0 times the luminosity of star B. The apparent brightness of star A is 100 times greater than the apparent brightness of star B. Deduce that (i) star B is 500 pc from Earth. 3 .. (ii) the absolute magnitude of star A is 0. 2207-6512 2433 2 25 F3. M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ This question is about cosmology. (a)State one piece of evidence that indicates that the Universe is expanding. 1 .. .. (b) The rate at which the Universe is expanding depends on the density of the Universe. (i) Definecritical density. 1 (ii) Explain the importance of comparing the density of the Universe to the critical density in predicting the future of the Universe. 3 .. Turn over 2207-6512 2533 26 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option G Relativity G1. This question is about the measurement of time. song thrush is stationary with respect to a source that produces a light pulse. The light pulse is reflectedatasurface,andreturnstoadetectorlocatedveryclosetothesource. Thedistance between the source and the surface is d. urface d Mavis detector source Ronald v Ronald is moving with constant speed v relative to t he source in a direction parallel to the surface. (a) On the diagram above, draw the path of the pulse as seen by Ronald. 2 (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 2633 27 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question G1 continued) (b) The time taken for the light to hold up from the source to the detector, as measured by Ronald, is t. Use your diagram in (a) to deduce that the distance L travelled by the pulse, as measured by Ronald, is given by the expression 2 ? vt ? L = 2 d +? ? . ?2? 2 3 . .. .. .. .. .. (c) The time taken for the pulse to travel from the source to the detector, as measured by Mavis, is t0. (i) State the relation between t0, d and c where c is the speed of light. 1 .. (ii) Use your answer in (b) and (c) (i) to deduce that t = t0 v2 1? 2 c . 3 Turn over 2207-6512 2733 2 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ G2. This question is about the observation of clocks. Albert is standing equal distances from two clocks A and B. Frank is moving with constant sp eed v from clock A towards clock B. clock A clock B Albert Frank v At the instant that Frank is opposite Albert, Albert observes the second-hand of both clocks to be at 0. At some time later, Albert observes the second-hand of both clocks change position to be at 1, as shown in the diagram below. At this instant, Frank is in the position shown in the diagram below. clock A 1 clock B 1 Albert Frank vDiscuss whether, at this instant, Frank observes the second-hand of each clock to be at 1. 2207-6512 2833 4 2 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ G3. This question is about negative muons. a) A muon is organise 4500 m above the surface of the Earth, as measured by an observer on Earth. This muon takes 2. 2 s, as measured in its assign of reference, to reach the Earths surface. Describe how these observations support the concept of length contraction. 4 .. .. .. .. .. . .. (b) A muon created in the laboratory is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 2. 1 ? 10 V. The r est mass of the muon is 105 MeV c2. Calculate the mass of the accelerated muon, as measured in the laboratory frame of reference. The charge on a muon is the elementary charge e. 3 .. .. . .. .. .. Turn over 2207-6512 2933 30 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ Option h Optics h1. This question is about refraction and dispersion. (a) State what is meant by dispersion. 1 .. .. . .. (b) A thin beam of white light is incident on one surface of a glass prism as shown below. On the diagram above, draw lines to show the approximate paths of the red and of the blue light as it passes through the prism and back into the air. (c) 3 State and explain, with reference to your diagram, whether the refractive index of glass for blue light is greater or less than that for red light. 3 .. . .. .. (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 3033 31 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question H1 continued) (d) Asecondsimilarprismisplacedclosetothefirstprismin(b)asshownbelow. Suggest the appearan ce and the direction of the light that emerges from the second prism. 2 .. .. . .. Turn over 2207-6512 3133 32 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ h2. This question is about lenses. The diagram below shows a thin converging lens and an object, O. O F F The principal foci of the lens are at F. (a) Construct rays to locate the position of the image of the object. 3 (b) Describe fully the nature of the image formed. 2 .. .. . .. (This question continues on the following page) 2207-6512 3233 33 M07/4/PHYSI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX+ (Question H2 continued) (c) The diagram below shows the relative positions of the nonsubjective lens and eyepiece lens used in a compound microscope in normal adjustment. objective lens eyepiece lens O An object O is placed in front of the objective lens. On the diagram above, draw the approximate positions of (i) the principal foci of the objective lens (label these with the letter A), ii) the image formed by the objective lens (label this with the letter B), (iii) the p rincipal foci of the eyepiece lens (label these with the letter C), (iv) thepositionofthefinalimage(labelthiswiththeletterD). (d) Suggest why, for large magnifications, a compound microscope is used, rather than a single lens. 2 .. .. .. .. 2207-6512 3333 4

Disciple Making Plan Essay

The mandate of the Body of Christ to sack up disciples has been established. The church service makes to em clay in physical structuring and deeds what is necessary to make this happen. It is obvious we need to do whatever it takes to make that a reality. in that locationfore, we must go down together a excogitate a disciple making plan that embraces that imaging with biblical truths that show the values from which give direction for that vision to follow. The structural and existing means to how this is to be d matchless, also known as the vehicles that alter this to get accomplished must be examined. The different players views that steer the work as they sense the work of the Holy Spirit need to be defined and understood. And finally, there must be tangible means of measurement to evaluate the effectiveness the work. theology spoke to His tribe through the prophet Jeremiah. It was during a time where the children of Israel were in exile. immortal was showing His faithfu lness to His people during this time of being with break through. God shargond His heart and how it all relates to having a plan. Jeremiah 2911 (KJV) says, For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the LORD, thoughts of peace, and non of evil, to give you an expected end.Gods plan shows us He has a vision for us, His people. This is a plan for our benefit, future, and to give us hope. The same kind of plan should be what is put together within the church building for His people. Scott M. Gibson and Warren Wiersbe write virtually the importance in what is preached and its relationship to the plan. They underscore the value of Gods Word and the need for us to develop a love for it. For the Word of God is to be the foundation as well as our spiritedness-long source that brings believers from infancy to maturity as we present it with love and grace. Each message builds upon the basis of which the plan is established.1 VisionThe senior curate has written the following as The Vision Statement for our church That the presence of God be around us, in us, and operative through us to win the lost through the love of Jesus Christ. We believe all people matter to God. We want to see people saved, healed, specialize free, equipped,empowered and serving as disciples, fully becoming devoted followers of Jesus Christ to impact the nations. We believe in the Father, we believe in the resurrection of Gods son and we believe in the Holy Spirit indwelling e genuinely adept, making all things new.The senior rector has been in this position for less than iodin year. My attendance and being a part of the leadership team is b arly 2 months. Since that time, there has been only one formal meeting of the leaders of the church. However, ain conversations and public attitudes by the senior parson have been de nonative which leave behind be how I will be able to answer the questions for this paper.This church has non had an attendance over twenty-five people in the two months I have been attending. The senior pastor gave each of the four leaders, or what he refers to as Pastors, a list of names of persons (and their phone numbers) that have at one time or another have fill expose to the church and indicated this would be their church home with the assignment to reach out and call these individuals to invite them (back) to being baffling with the church and its activities. These individuals are located throughout the greater Tampa cranial orbit. This encompasses technically two counties and a considerably large amount of area. The senior pastor himself lives over one hour in driving time to the church facility. Another one of the pastors lives at least 30 minutes away. It is unknown about the socio-economic differences of the other pastors.The neighborhood of which the church is located is classic Central Florida with what appears to be higher plaza class at one address and immediately next door, what would appear to be someone unde r more economic oppressive circumstances. The senior pastor has said he wants the neighborhood to be involved in the church. The church leadership embraces ethnic and social diversity and I believe the senior pastor wants the church population to also reflect this. The Central Florida population has a broad(a) assortment of Cuban, White, B privation, Pacific Asian and Asian Indian peoples. There is not a specific area of town that focuses on any(prenominal) one of these cultural groups. therefrom, the integration of all these people is desired for the churchs population. We already have ages in this body ranging from very young children with littleto no Christian influences to a widowed wife of a former pastor. There are teenaged young people that have come from time to time. The majority of who has been in regular attendance has been mid-thirties to young fifties. The senior pastor has expressed his desire for these age groups be increased. World missions has been brought up as a desired form of outreach but specifics as to where and how has not been shown or provided for. My own individualized work with mixed countries has been of the attention of the senior pastor but he has not asked about getting involved with this.Habakkuk 22 (KJV) says, And the LORD answered me, and said, issue the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it. The formal and clear vision for our church has not been provided to me. It is possible it just is something I am not aware of it because of my being with the church for only a short time period. It is hoped that is the case.Mel Lawrenz writes about the church that may have fragmented from transition of leaders, the plans or lack thereof, and or the philosophies within a church. Two important components for the churchs success are having cohesion and momentum.2 Thus far from what I can observe, this church is working hard to enhance and uphold these factors. I look forward to seeing the plan and its f ull execution. ValuesThe church has been alerted to the heart of the pastor to be a church in unity. He knows with the ethnic diversity and having the different pastors and those in leadership roles can seem to portray a wide kind of approaches and ideas in fulfilling the call to make disciples. Nevertheless, he is calling for unity to be not only the heartbeat with the church but also be demonstrate so that those that come once will experience this deeper than just what may be perceived. Psalms 1331 (KJV) says, Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity Our pastor wants the differences in us each to be the means to which gives us individual and collective access to those that join us in study, in fellowship, and ultimately in worship.Of course, this is all possible by re genus Phallusing the importance of Gods peaceto heal and overcome any and all gestate world based issues that could arise. Having such ethnic diversity and living in a cultur e such as Central Florida, the need to establish a true and lasting bond of peace is critical with our congregation. Paul said it best in Ephesians 43 (KJV), Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.The growing together in faith and knowledge of our Lord Jesus in unity is what our church wants, not just for itself, but more importantly for the overall well-being of the membership. Ephesians 413 (KJV) says, Eph 413 Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ. Walter Kasper writes about the call the church has to be the church of unity. He points out that this is not a result of untarnished chance or happenstance but by the divine work of Gods Holy Spirit to the lives of the believers and into the life of the church as a whole.3 ViewsIn the writing of Aubrey Malphurs, the church in first years of the new millennium is not the same church many of us grew up in the mid to late 1900s. The church is not considered the central point of reference for faith and the expression of that faith.4 Our church is not any different than this assessment. The members all come from different socio-economic backgrounds which results in different interpretations of the people and their respective roles as a part of the work and workers within this specific Body of Christ. The church is seen in in all likelihood the narrowest of views in that it is seen to only include those that are under the roof at the current facility. That would extend to literally the people that are there at any given time as well. The senior pastor is clear to point to the other three he has designated as Pastors. He is looking to their contributions in nurturing, teaching, and shepherding the members as a whole and a separate list that he wants each pastor to be associated with.There is one problem the people do not know they have been put on these lists. The beginni ngs of groups is taking place but the groups have not been formalized that people can relate to. The addressing the church body as Gods Saints is met either with casual acceptance and understanding or it is considered too Christense which results in losing its effectualness. TheGospel does not have a conformable strand in meaning. The understanding and education as it relates to the first four books of the Bible being the Gospels and the fact we are referring to The Good News is not universally embraced by the congregation as a whole. This makes the work of Evangelism, the sharing of the Gospel both in word and lifestyle witness difficult to blend in as both a purposefully designed poster we are to uphold but also have the church communicate as one voice.There is not a deliberate discipling course of study or effort within the church. Although individual responsibility to walk out a life in the manner for which God has made available for us all, the church does not have the group s or education tools for making disciples. Leadership is a astray used and common designation within our church. This is partly due to the fact we have a small population. There is an encouragement to pursue leader responsibilities. Unless you are known to be either not a Christian or a not as mature of one that is preferred for such a role, the opportunities to lead and take charge of things is easier than in larger congregations. This church is committed to one another. They are looking for the manifestation of the goodness of His work in this place. 2 Thessalonians 21 & 2 says, Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him, That ye be not in brief shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand. This is very applicable to this body of believers.VehiclesGary L. McIntosh writes about the steps taken to get a church to its next level. In a c onversation he has with a colleague, it is pointed out that the church may be in good health but it not in good enough shape to show the true natural selection necessary of a church that is going to go the full distance. There is a fine distinction between a church that is growing numerically and a church that is maximizing its potential in discipleship.5 My church is transitioning itself from a mainline denomination church to a fellowship of believers. Exactly what denomination the church is becoming has not been made clear. The senior pastor holds ministry papers with two different organizations. One of the other pastors has his credentials by an unknown to me association. There is one pastor and myself that has ordination withthe same board. Recently, there was a state meeting or conference of one of the two ministerial boards that the senior pastor is connected with.It was inform after the fact that there was an expectation of the membership to participate in this function. B ecause of members that are related to the senior pastor, they were in attendance and this satisfied his request. He is scheduled to be absent from a soon coming Sunday morning service to be involved in this groups design or some type of gathering. So far, there has not been any kind of ritual or conduct that is practiced or expected. We seem to be worshipping as one. Jesus said in Matthew 1820, For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.There are no small groups yet. Nothing has been formally announced but I could see how the senior pastor has set groundwork in and through the appointing of three others to positions that could be small group leaders. The leaders live in geographically different areas which will benefit the area of influence we have. Unfortunately, the church does not come together for study in Gods Word other than Sunday morning service. Sunday schoolhouse and Thursday night Bible Study is not bringing everyone in as desired. It was just announced some events that the senior pastor wants church wide participation in. These announcements have been made orally, not in print. The events are being coordinated by one of the other pastors wife. She has announced she will get members to contribute in these meetings.A Fall Festival was held last year (so I am told) as an evangelistic outreach. The senior pastor has announced that that will not be repeated but instead a Summer Vacation Bible School will be conducted just foregoing to the beginning of the public school year. The curriculum has not been disclosed. Workers have not been selected and it is not known what kind of preparations will be necessary for those that are involved with this.The use of social media, specifically Facebook has been said to be a means of communicating both to the current members of the church but also to encourage those quest a place for worship. The churchs website does not seem to have updates or is kept current on th e affairs of the church.Daniel Collison and Rochelle Nielsen Barsuhn give warnings of how the church of now has left the model of self-denial and looks to self-gratification instead. The value of the relationships Jesus formed and has called us to copy has potentially become minimized or even eliminated from the churchs structure. We need to never forget the importance in the following through of building with one another and the faith that is found in this.6 VerifiersThere has not been any indication that there will be any specific tools to measure the growth or effectiveness of an outreach or program. The senior pastor has not made any reference to any means other than visual perception as to if the church has increased or decreased in membership and its grasp on Christian doctrine. A database has been created but who and what in coiffeion it contains is not known.For measuring the churchs growth both numerically and in various areas of concern (i.e., Christian education, spiritu al gifts in operation and various forms of involvement in service to the church and in evangelism), I would start with identifying the people that showed strengths and or willingness to learn in such areas. It would be important to understand what previous experience they may have. Attendance in classes and their participation in the various forms of outreach would be able to be monitored. Their performance would be evaluated to see what their giftings are in. Jesus said in Matthew 720, Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.Thus far, we have not had visitors or new converts. The existing church body does not respond to calls to commitment. Currently, there is not a church wide program that incorporates members in evangelistic outreach. There are individual efforts but not under the direction of the senior pastor.There are sources found on the net such as www.leadershiptransformations.org that work with churches and the strengths they already have to grow into stronger and be tter churches. As pointed out in our text book Disciple Making is, concentrating on leading individuals to the Lord and assisting the maturing in their life with God is what we areto be all about. Then, we can deploy them to replicate this process.7 There needs to be a deliberate effort by the church members to bring people into the church in order to hear the Gospel and ultimately receive salvation.If each member were asked to bring one person with them once a month, the church population would double. In order to keep these new members, classes would need to be formed to spring up in ways of Christianity. Additional classes would need to be formed to further the disciple making process. From these classes, it would be hoped that ten percent of those attending would carry on the disciple making process. From those people, various forms of leaders and Christian workers (missionaries, teachers, pastors and etc.) would be set apart for such works.ConclusionThis church has been primar ily an extended family but has begun to educate into a multi-ethnic congregation and diverse socio-economic backgrounds due in part to the merging of two of the associate pastors. The senior pastor has been encouraging members to reach out to church dinners and a church wide rummage sale. With the expected growth in people attending and becoming part of the Body of Christ, we need to put in place the disciple making process for both the current membership and those that will be coming.Act 1422, Confirming the souls of the disciples, and exhorting them to continue in the faith, and that we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God.BibliographyCollison, Daniel, and Rochelle Nielsen Barsuhn. Church in Translation Vibrant Christianity in Your Time and Place. N.p. Abingdon Press, 2010. Accessed March 1, 2015. .com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10432028&ppg=82.Earley, Dave, and magnetic pole Dempsey. Disciple Making Is How to Live the Great Co mmission with Passion and Confidence. Nashville B&H Publishing Group, 2013.Gibson, Scott M., and Warren Wiersbe. Preaching with a Plan discussion Strategies for Growing Mature Believers. N.p. Baker Books, 2012. Accessed March 1, 2015. .liberty.edu2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10722483&ppg=116.Kasper, Walter. That They May All Be One The Call to Unity. N.p. London Burns & Oates., 2004. Accessed March 1, 2015./ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzI0Mjk2NV9fQU41?sid=fb0c38e1-4143-479f-874c- 0eaaaada1a24sessionmgr4004&vid=2&format=EB&ppid=pp_170.Lawrenz, Mel. Whole Church Leading from Fragmentation to Engagement. N.p. Jossey-Bass, 2009. Accessed March 1, 2015.?.actiondocID=10307582&ppg=117.Malphurs, Aubrey New Kind of Church Understanding Models of Ministry for the 21st Century. N.p. Baker Books, 2007. Accessed March 1, 2015./lib/liberty /reader.action?docID=10762835&ppg=16.McIntosh, Gary L., Taking Your Church to the Next Level What Got You Here Wont Get You There (n.p. Baker Books, 200 9), 196-97, accessed March 1, 2015, liberty.edu2048/lib/liberty/reader.action?docID=10745538&ppg=88.

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Death-in-Life means to be living in a constant fear or thought of death, or a feeling that the soul is damned but the body remains. Life-in-Death suggests the idea that the soul will continue but the body will deteriorate. In the poem the metrical composition of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the paradox of death-in-life and life-in-death is a consistent theme throughout this piece of literature. The sailors corpses, the constant aging of the mariners body and the gamble of death and life suggest this theme in Coleridges poem.When a persons heart stops pumping blood, the average inwardness of time for the body to start decomposing is four to six days. This average is dependent upon the temperature the body is kept if it is hot and in the sun the body will collapse much faster than in cooler climates. In Coleridges poem the sailors bodies are in the sun for seven days, to that degree they refuse to be subjected to the ravages of time. The many men so beautiful / and they all dead did lie / and a thousand thousand slimy things lived on / and so did I / The cold sweat melted from their limbs / nor rot or reek did they / the look with which they looked on me / had never passed away / Seven days, seven nights, / I saw that curse and yet could non die (Coleridge, IV, 1817). The sailors corpses stay intact while their souls escape, leaving the mariner with the visible token of the living death that awaits. The wedding lymph gland proclaims to fear the Mariner because he looks so skinny and aged. I fear thee and thy glittering eye, / And thy skinny hand, so brown. Fear not, fear not, thou Wedding-Guest / This body dropt not down. / Alone, alone, all, all alone, / Alone on a wide wide sea / And never a saint took pity on / My soul in torture (Coleridge, IV, 1817). The Mariner explains that his soul is trapped in his body and his body will continue to age but will never rot enough to way out his spirit. In the tally of the Ancient Mariner the Mariner explains to the Wedding Guest of how his soul came to be doomed. He explains that when he was on the ship with his crew that he saw another ship approaching.This brought hope to the whole crew because they thought that their bodies were going to be saved. When the ship approached, the Mariner saw that it was Death and Life-in-Death. Her lips were red, her looks were free, / Her locks were yellow as gold / Her skin was as white as leprosy, / The Night-mare Life-in-Death was she, / Who thicks mans blood with cold. / The naked hulk alongside came, / And the twain were casting dice / The game is done Ive won Ive won / Quoth she, and whistles thrice (Coleridge, III, 1817).With Life-in-Deaths three whistles she eliminates the sunlight and replaces it with dark shadows. She took the lives of the men on the ship, except for that of the Mariners. She cursed him with an eternity of living death. He is condemned to mountain pass to the Earth and tell his tale to whomever will listen. The symbolic interpretation when death and life in death went to steal the Mariners soul is that of arriving on a ship, when in biblical terms wood means death and water means life.Life in death ironically wins the soul of the mariner. In the Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Death in Life and Life in Death is a constant contradicting theme throughout this metaphorical anecdote. The fab preservation of the sailors bodies, the damnation of the Mariners soul, and the gamble between death and life-in-death truly remind the audience of this continuous theme.Works Citedhttp//poetry.eserver.org/ancient-mariner.html

The current business environment is characterized

The current business surroundings is characterized by intense combative rivalry and businesses kick in to undertake aggressive merchandising initiatives in holy value to return key this threat. The importance of marketing in ensuring that a business organization can develop and maintain a competitive edge is growing exponentially.Corporations atomic number 18 now pouring millions into their promotional campaigns in order to create an image for themselves in the customer mindset. This cut off of massive financial resources being thrown into marketing is particularly evident in the argona of sports marketing. In this bea, massive opportunities exist in price of public relations events which have global cut into.Thus any peck that can have its logo associated with events like the Olympics which are broadcast byout the world stand to gain substantially out of investing in the nears to have its logo associated with the event. This is called corporate sponsorship. However the benefits of corporate sponsorship have led to the rise of unethical marketing practices called ambush marketing. ambuscade marketing is defined to have taken infinite when a marketer has its products associated with a sports event without having paid for any of the rights to association (cited in Ironside, 2007). Thus the ambush marketer enjoys all the benefits of being a lucid corporate sponsor without paying a cent.The trend of ambush marketing has been growing steadily in the last fewer years as shown in figure 1. As shown in the figure, sports organizers have been experiencing massive revenue losses as result of the phenomenon of ambush marketing which keeps going strong despite efforts to counter the threat.The threat is particularly detrimental because the actual corporate sponsors have hardly anything to gain by seeking recourse to legal means because courts usually regulation in favor of ambush marketers.This happens because ambush marketers never engage in any activiti es that could be defined as infringement of intellectual airplane propeller rights (cited in Meenaghan, 1996). Ambush marketers operate through hints and allusions which do not qualify as infringement of rights in legal vernacular.As a result corporate sponsors have to ponder pre-emptive strategies on their own and this adds to the cost of buying rights to the sponsorship (cited in Uphoff, 2006).The process of devising counter strategies requires an understanding of the ways and means by which ambush marketers take reward of their opportunities. However there are so many ways and means in this regard that it is difficult to develop contingency plans for all of them.There are at least six recognized opportunities which ambushers take service of from m to time such as purchasing broadcasting rights to an event or broadcasting time around the time of the event broadcast, sponsoring an event other than the organizing body, purchasing advertising space, thematic advertising and coun ter attraction (cited in Crompton, 2004).What all of this means is that if the trend of ambush marketing is allowed to go on unmitigated, it impart discourage corporate sponsors from sponsorship spending and major sports events will lose an important source of revenue. Therefore sports property owners have the duty of making ambush marketing difficult and expensive for the competitors of official corporate sponsors.ReferencesAaker, David A. (2004). Strategic Market Management. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Crompton, John L. (2004). Sponsorship Ambushing in Sport. Managing Leisure, 9, 1-12.Ironside, Sue. (2007). Combating Ambush Marketing. NZ Marketing Magazine, 26, 26-27.Retrieved border 15, 2008 from Business Source Elite database.Kolah, Ardi. (2005). Essential Law for Marketers. Prentice Hall.Kotler, Philip., and Gary Armstrong. (2005). Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall.Meenaghan, T. (1996). Ambush Marketing A Threat to Corporate Sponsorship. SloanManagement Review, 38, 103-13. Retrie ved March 15, 2008 from Business SourceElite database.Uphoff, Boris., et al. (2006). Kick-off to Ambush Marketing at World Cup. ManagingIntellectual Property, 156, 91-92. Retrieved March 15, 2008 from Business SourceThe current business environment is characterizedThe current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of uncertainty and therefore businesses have to uninterruptedly reengineer their internal processes in order to build and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage.In this respect, the slender success factor is to build an organisational conclusion that is strengthened to change. This is a critical musing because, given the high level of uncertainty, the commission in a business organization is no longer in a position to forecast future changes meaningfully.Therefore the organisational structure must be flexile enough to absorb unexpected changes. The question that should be answered is how this flexibility can be built into the organizatio nal structure. In this respect, it is the duty of the management to build the right performance management dust.Through this system the management can communicate with the employees regarding which aspects of their work are vital to the strategic focus of the organization. The right performance management system is a critical consideration in terms of addressing issues related to employee motivation and empowerment. jacket unity is empowering its employees through dissemination of information and by maximizing the surface area. This enables the employees to attach their work to the strategic focus of the organization (cited in Zairi, 2005).The fact of the matter is that the management at all levels in expectant One is implementing strategic merciful resource management. In this manner it is addressing the issues of motivation and empowerment. According to the post-modern theory, business organizations need to maintain the continuous improvement process in order to build a susta inable competitive advantage (cited in Hill & Jones, 2007).However the development of a sustainable competitive advantage depends on access to human capital. Capital One has devised its human resource management policies in order to develop human capital. Even through it is not directly addressing the issues of motivation and empowerment, its policies are designed to withdraw these issues the top priorities on the management agenda. Job rotation is one of the examples.According to post-modernism, job descriptions are no longer effective because they create a static organizational structure and therefore do not equip the organization with the abilities to adapt to fast-paced change in the external environment (cited in Besterfield, 2002).According to the post-modern theory, employees have to be groomed to assume a wide variety of positions so that changing organizational structures will not be a problem for them. We see Capital One addressing this issue through creating leadership c apabilities throughout the organization. The high societys recruitment and selection strategies are implemented accordingly.For example, during the recruitment process, the most important competency for the candidate is considered to be his ability to lead a change effort. Because of carefully implemented recruitment and selection strategies, the company minimizes the costs associated with training and development (cited in Ross & Perry, 2002).However the management does communicate with the employees in terms of the extent to which formal training and development programs can be arranged for the employees.A built-to-change organizational structure cannot be built without addressing the issues of motivation and empowerment. According to post-modernism, employees must be involved in the change management process (cited in Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2007). This facilitates the process of addressing employee resistance to change. The management at Capital One addresses this issue through t wist an effective communications structure which facilitates the dissemination of mission-critical information.As mentioned before, this maximizes the level of surface area. Strategy implementation in this regard has been facilitated through the creation of a flat management structure which enables most employees to work in direct touch with the customers. This enables the employees to make the link between their work and the strategic focus of the company because working in direct touch with the customers means that the employees can see in which direction the organization should proceed in terms of customer relationship management (cited in Dess, 2007).Employee motivation and empowerment is the most critical factor in the post-modernist theory. This is because post-modernism as associated with a sustainable competitive advantage in business emphasizes employee motivation and empowerment.According to Michael Porters theory for strategy formulation, a business organization has thre e strategies at its disposal in construct a competitive advantage differentiation, cost minimization and quick response (cited in Baschab, 2005).However, according to the post-modernist theory none of these strategies will lead to the development of a sustainable competitive advantage because they can be easily copied by competitor organizations in a fast-changing external environment.Therefore, post-modernism in business focuses on the building of a strategically aligned organizational culture as the source of a sustainable competitive advantage. A strategically aligned organizational culture cannot be built without effectively addressing the issues of employee motivation and empowerment.Employees must be involved in the change management process. In this organizational structure, the issues of employee motivation and empowerment are addressed effectively because they are directly involved in building the strategic focus of the company. This is an example of what we see in Capital One.This is one of the few American companies to have been able to weather the current crisis because of its focus on the built-to-change organizational structure based in employee motivation and empowerment. The company is not consciously addressing these issues as such.However because of its strategies in recruitment, selection, job rotation and training and development, it has been able to involve the employees in the constant process of managing change. This has only maximized their productivity as employees are actuate to work for the company because they are empowered to act on behalf of the company.This has created an organizational structure based in motivation and empowerment which aligns employee interests to organizational interests. This is an example of post-modernism in business.ReferencesBaschab, John., et al. (2005). The Executive Guide to Information Technology. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Besterfield, Dale H., et al. (2002). Total Quality Management. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Brig ham, Eugene F., and Michael C. Ehrhardt. (2007). Financial Management Theory & Practice. South western college pub.Dess, Gregory G., et al. (2007). Strategic Management Creating warlike Advantage.McGraw Hill/Irwin. Hill, Charles., and Gareth Jones. (2007). Strategic Management Theory An Integrated Approach. McGraw Hill/Irwin.Ross, Joel E. and Susan Perry. (2002). Total Quality Management Text, Cases, Readings. Wiley.Zairi, Mohamed. (2005). Excellence Toolkit Delivering Sustainable Performance. eTQM College Publishing House.The current business environment is characterizedThe current business environment is characterized by a considerable level of competitive rivalry and as a result, businesses have to maintain a continuous improvement process in order to build and maintain a competitive advantage. In this respect, the development of a sustainable competitive advantage is the critical success factor.However sustainability cannot be achieved unless the company determines the strategi c focus.This is why developing a system for adopting goals becomes a critical consideration. In this respect, the management has to build the right organizational culture in which group dynamics can become facilitated.Employees are the most important assets of an organization and therefore the management has to create the right working conditions which maximize employee satisfaction. For this reason, the management might have to manage change on a continuous basis. In managing change, alignment with the strategic focus has to be maintained. In this respect adopting the right goals becomes the critical consideration.The question whether group dynamics are better at adopting goals than individual decision making can be answered depending on the situation that the company is in. There is no doubt that when it comes to managing change a cross-functional project management team must be built in order to adopt the right goals.This is because all the departments that are going to be affect ed by the change must be represented in the project management team. However the problem with group dynamics is that the process delays decision making (http//www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/old/15703015.htm).One of the reasons for this delay can be groupthink in which the participants withhold views that may not conform in order to maintain membership (cited in Robbins & DeCenzo, 2003). Outside of change management, in the situation in which the decision making process has to be fast, individual decision making is undoubtedly the better option. Individually, the decision maker can speed up the process of decision making because fewer issues are considered.The problem with facilitating group dynamics in decision making is that the decision making process has to be based upon consensus. This has the advantage that the suggestions that are taken into consideration are diverse. As a result, the same problem is viewed from many different perspectives.The result is a process of brainstorming that can generate a cumulation of valuable ideas. However, in the situation in which the question is one of adopting goals, diversity of ideas can be a hindrance because it delays the process of decision making in adopting goals. In the event that the complexity of the situation is high then group decision making can be advantageous because too many issues will be considered, thus delaying the process.Therefore in the situation in which adopting goals does not have to take too many issues into consideration, group decision making may be the best option. However in the event that the situation is complex, then the individual decision maker will be in a position to do a better job because he can exercise intuition in arriving at a decision.From the above, it is made clear that there is no proper(postnominal) answer as to whether group dynamics or the individual decision maker will do a better job. The effectiveness of either of the tools depends on the complexity of the situation. T he current business environment is characterized by a fast state of change.Therefore the decision making process has to be speeded up. In this respect, even in the situation which calls for many issues to be taken into consideration, the individual decision maker can do the best job. However in the event that the management of the company can afford to spend time on considering all the relevant issues, then group dynamics create the best infrastructure in which to fill the decision making process (http//www.usfa.dhs.gov/pdf/efop/efo38561.pdf).However when facilitating group dynamics, the management must ensure that the decision making process is not affected by the need to reach a consensus. In such a situation, the participants are afraid of creating a conflict and therefore all the relevant issues are not taken into consideration.ReferencesSchwartz, Andrew E. (1994, August). root word decision-making. The CPA Journal Online.Retrieved February 19, 2009 from http//www.nysscpa.org/ cpajournal/old/15703015.htm.Barlow, Jeff. (2005, October). Strategic planning for the Bloomington, Indiana, firedepartment. Retrieved February 19, 2009 from http//www.usfa.dhs.gov/pdf/efop/efo38561.pdf.Robbins, Stephen P., and DeCenzo, David. (2003). Fundamentals of Management. Prentice Hall.